An early record with an emphasised back beat throughout was "Good Rockin' Tonight" by Wynonie Harris in 1948. "A big part of R&B's attraction had to do with the stompin' backbeats that make it so eminently danceable," according to the Encyclopedia of Percussion. In a simple 4/4 rhythm these are beats 2 and 4. "It's got a backbeat, you can't lose it" – Chuck Berry, "Rock and Roll Music"Ī back beat, or backbeat, is a syncopated accentuation on the "off" beat. Certain genres tend to emphasize the off-beat, where this is a defining characteristic of rock'n'roll and Ska music. The downbeat can never be the off-beat because it is the strongest beat in 4Ĥ time. According to Grove Music, the "Offbeat is where the downbeat is replaced by a rest or is tied over from the preceding bar". This is a fundamental technique of African polyrhythm that transferred to popular western music.
So "off-beat" is a musical term, commonly applied to syncopation that emphasizes the weak even beats of a bar, as opposed to the usual on-beat. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 -the stress is on the unexpected" or syncopated beat.1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4-the stress here on the "on" beat But one may syncopate that pattern and alternately stress the odd and even beats, respectively:.As a background against which to compare these various rhythms a bass drum strike on the downbeat and a constant eighth note subdivision on ride cymbal have been added, which would be counted as follows ( bold denotes a stressed beat):
The effect can be easily simulated by evenly and repeatedly counting to four. Subdivisions (like eighth notes) that fall between the pulse beats are even weaker and these, if used frequently in a rhythm, can also make it "off-beat". The second and fourth are weaker-the "off-beats". In music that progresses regularly in 4 /4 time, counted as "1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4.", the first beat of the bar (downbeat) is usually the strongest accent in the melody and the likeliest place for a chord change, the third is the next strongest: these are "on" beats. Often referred to as "upbeats", in parallel with upstrokes.
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